Title: Default for CE1
Course: External combustion engines.

Q: Which of the following environmental problems could increase due to the burning (combustion reaction) of fossil fuels? (More than one possible answer)
- Acid rain.
- Ozone hole.
- Global warming.
- Radioactivity.
A: Acid rain.; Global warming.

Q: Some products (things) that could we get in a real fossil fuels' combustion reaction are: (More than one possible answer)
- Carbon dioxide.
- Water (steam).
- Heat.
- Uranium.
- Radioactivity.
- Sulphur oxides.
- Nitrogen oxides.
- Carbon monoxide.
A: Carbon dioxide.; Water (steam).; Heat.; Sulphur oxides.; Nitrogen oxides.; Carbon monoxide.

Q: An external combustion reaction could be done in: (More than one possibe answer)
- A wind turbine.
- A solar cell.
- A steam engine.
- A car engine.
- A steam turbine.
- A turbofan (plane engine).
A: A steam engine.; A steam turbine.

Q: A steam engine has been used in: (More than one possible answer)
- Industries such as textile industries.
- Car engines.
- Steam trains.
- Electric trains.
- Power stations to obtain electricity.
A: Industries such as textile industries.; Steam trains.; Power stations to obtain electricity.

Write three uses of energy:

The "Law of Conservation of Energy" states that:

What is a combustion reaction?

Q: Which molecule does the combustion reaction needs to burn a hydrocarbon?
A: OXYGENE / oxygene / Oxygene
Partly right: OXIGENE (25%); oxigene (25%); Oxigene (25%)

What is a hydrocarbon?

Which products (things) are produced in a complete combustion reaction?

Q: Combustion reaction needs the molecule of nitrogen.
- True (Combustion reaction needs the molecule of OXYGEN, no nitrogen.)
- False (Perfect, needs the molecule of oxygen.)
A: False

Q: An exothermic reaction produces energy (heat for example).
- True (Perfect.)
- False (The statement is correct. An exothermic reaction produces energy.)
A: True

Q: A hydrocarbon is always composed of hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen.
- True (No is correct. A hydrocarbon is always composed of hydrogen and carbon (and maybe other components))
- False (Perfect. A hydrocarbon is always composed of hydrogen and carbon (and maybe other components).)
A: False

Q: A complete combustion reaction always produces: water, carbon monoxide and heat.
- True (No is correct. A complete combustion reaction always produces water, carbon dioxide and heat (and maybe other components).)
- False (Perfect. A complete combustion reaction always produces water, carbon dioxide and heat (and maybe other components).)
A: False

Q: Real combustion reaction

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Hydrocarbons used are not pure hydrocarbons and combustion with air (no Oxygen). When a pure [...] is burnt with oxygen it releases heat, [...] dioxide and [...]. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas which increases global warming. However, fuels such as coal and oil are not pure hydrocarbons, they contain other substances too. For example, coal contains sulphur. When coal is burnt, the [...] reacts with air to form sulphur dioxide, one of the chemical compounds which causes [...] rain. Therefore, complete combustion is almost [...] to achieve. In fact, as actual [...] reactions come to equilibrium , a wide variety of major and minor species would be present, such as carbon monoxide , pure carbon, volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, etc.. Bad combustions generate substances which in areas without sufficient ventilation produce chemical fog, quite dangerous for the health (respiratory problems). Additionally, any combustion in [...] air , which is 78% nitrogen , will also create several forms of [...] oxides producing acid rain in contact with atmospheric water.

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A: HYDROCARBON; CARBON; WATER; SULPHUR; ACID; IMPOSSIBLE; COMBUSTION; ATMOSPHERIC; NITROGEN

Q: What is an engine?
- A machine that converts mechanical energy (movement) into electricity. (No. This is a generator.)
- A machine that always uses steam. (No. There are engines that doesn't use steam.)
- A machine that converts one form of energy into mechanical energy (movement). (Perfect.)
- It is someone very cleaver. (No. It is a genius.)
A: A machine that converts one form of energy into mechanical energy (movement).

Could a wind turbine be considered to be an engine? Why?

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How can we use engines to run appliances and machines? (Ex: washing machines, cars, beaters, squeezers, etc.)

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Q: Where were fossil fuels burned in a steam engine?
A: BOILER / Boiler / boiler / FURNACE / Furnace / furnace

How can we obtain the heat needed to run a steam engine?

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Where was the steam engine used? (Write two appliances, machines, etc.)

Write and describe briefly different appliances and machines that need combustion reaction to run. (Minimum three, differents from the previous activity)

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Which is the general use of steam turbines?

Q: Who is thought to have invented the two-stroke engine? (Two words)
A: DUGALD CLERK / Dugald Clerk / dugald clerk

Name two rotary engines.

Q: Why do you think the Aeolipile could be considered to be a steam engine?
- Because the Aeolipile converts thermal energy into mechanical energy (movement) (Perfect.)
- Because it was designed by an engineer. (No. It's no correct.)
- Because the Aeolipile converts mechanical energy (movement) into thermal energy. (No. It's no correct.)
- The Aeolipile cannot be considered to be an engine because it was designed before the Industrial Revolution. (No. It's no correct.)
A: Because the Aeolipile converts thermal energy into mechanical energy (movement)

Q: What is a steam engine?
- A steam engine is a machine that uses the heat obtained in a chemical reaction, called combustion, to heat a fluid, usually water, and produces movement. (Perfect.)
- A steam engine is a machine that uses movement to produce heat. (No. It's no correct.)
- All the engines are steam engines. (No. It's no correct.)
- Steam engine was used a lot in the Ancient Greece. (No. It's no correct.)
A: A steam engine is a machine that uses the heat obtained in a chemical reaction, called combustion, to heat a fluid, usually water, and produces movement.

Describe briefly how a steam engine works.

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Q: What was the first steam engine?
- Newcomen's steam engine. (No. It's no correct.)
- James Watt steam engine. (No. It's no correct.)
- Hero of Alexandria. (No. It's no correct.)
- The Aeolipile. (Perfect.)
A: The Aeolipile.

Q: What in the text shows you that the Aeolipile was the first steam engine?
- Hero's age. (No. It's no correct.)
- The Aeolipile. (No. It's no correct.)
- The dates that appear in the text. (Perfect.)
- The Industrial Revolution. (No. It's no correct.)
A: The dates that appear in the text.

Q: Who invented the most famous steam engine in the 18th century?
- Hero of Alexandria. (No. It's no correct.)
- Newcomen. (No. It's no correct.)
- James Watt. (Perfect.)
- The Aeolipile. (No. It's no correct.)
A: James Watt.

Q: What was the most steam engine used during the Industrial Revolution?
- Hero's engine. (No. It's no correct.)
- The Aeolipile. (No. It's no correct.)
- Watt's steam engine. (Perfect.)
- Newcomen's steam engine. (No. It's no correct.)
A: Watt's steam engine.

Q: Where was the most famous steam engine used in the 18th century build?
- In Greece. (No. It's no correct.)
- By James Watt. (No. It's no correct.)
- In the U.S.A. (No. It's no correct.)
- In the U.K. (Perfect.)
A: In the U.K.

Q: Why do you think the 18th-19th centuries are known as "The Industrial Revolution"?
- Because in these centuries the first steam engine was invented. (No. It's no correct.)
- Because steam engines were used a lot during these centuries, starting to be used for the first time in the U.K., in industries and transports. (Perfect.)
- Because Hero built his Aeolipile. (No. It's no correct.)
- Because the U.S.A. built a lot of arm factories. (No. It's no correct.)
A: Because steam engines were used a lot during these centuries, starting to be used for the first time in the U.K., in industries and transports.

Q: Mach each picture with the suitable word:
- [Image] | Wind energy
- [Image] | Piston
- [Image] | Combustion reaction
- [Image] | Petrol engine
- [Image] | Steam
- [Image] | Hero of Alexandria (Ancient Greece)
- [Image] | Aeolipile
- [Image] | Steam engine
- [Image] | Fossil fuels
- [Image] | James Watt (The Industrial Revolution)

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Put the steam engines (copied in the running dictation activity) in order, from the oldest to the nearest.

Q: Were was the fuel burned to boil water producing steam?
A: BOILER / Boiler / boiler / FURNACE / Furnace / furnace

What environmental problems does the combustion reaction can produce?

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- What was the first steam engine used to solve the water problem in the mines?

- Was there any problem with this steam engine?

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Which steam engine was most frequently used in transport and industry?

Q: Who was the first person to introduce the concept of "horsepower"?
A: THOMAS SAVERY / Thomas Savery / thomas savery / SAVERY / Savery / savery

Which steam engine used the centrifugal governor?

Why did the inventor of the centrifugal governor use this mechanism?

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Q: [Image]
- 1 | Piston
- 2 | Piston-rod
- 3 | Crosshead bearing
- 4 | Connecting rod
- 5 | Crank
- 6 | Eccentric valve motion
- 7 | Flywheel
- 8 | Sliding valve
- 9 | Centrifugal governor
- 10 | Belt
- 11 | Exhaust steam
- 12 | High-pressure steam
- 13 | Cylinder

Q: [Image] Label the letters of the picture with the correct word:

[Image]
- A | Boiler
- B | Coal
- C | Water
- D | Electricity
- E | Smoke
- F | Chimney
- G | Steam
- H | Cooling tower
- I | Turbine
- J | Rotor
- K | Rotating blades
- L | Stator